Люба, я уже эту ссылку давала про Анализ в Чешской республике в 1997-2008 годах :
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19526924.OBJECTIVES: Analysis of cases of tick-borne encephalitis (TBE) with confirmed food-borne transmission in patients who were unaware of tick attachment prior to the onset of illness. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Data on laboratory confirmed cases of TBE reported in the Czech Republic (CR) in 1997-2008 were obtained from the EPIDAT system. Patient interview data were recorded in a standardised questionnaire form with multiple choices for locality (GIS) and route of transmission to be exported on a weekly basis in electronic form to a protected database of the Ministry of Health of CR. Statistical processing was conducted by ANOVA using Epi-Info CDC Atlanta and STATCALC software. RESULTS: TBE has been recognised in CR since 1948 when, for the first time ever in Europe, the TBE virus was isolated from patients and I. ricinus ticks in two Czech and Moravian areas simultaneously (and independently of one another). TBE cases in the Czech Republic have been reported since 1971. In 1997 - 2008 the incidence ranged between 422 cases (1998) to 1029 cases (2006). Food-borne transmission of TBE was first reported in Czechoslovakia in 1954. At that time, nothing was known of the possibilities of arbovirus transmission by the food-borne route; this was discovered following the TBE epidemic of 1951 in the east Slovak town of Roznava in which 660 persons were infected, and of these, 271 were hospitalised. The source of infection was contaminated goats' milk which had been mixed into dairy milk at the local dairy and distributed without pasteurization. The risk of TBE transmission by unpasteurized goats' milk is associated with the current trend of I. ricinus tick proliferation in foothills and mountainous areas. The shift of the line of their spread from 700 m above sea level to 1200 m means that to up to 8% of the area of the CR (6300 km2) have been newly colonized by ticks. In 1997 - 2008, 64 cases of TBE were recorded in patients who reported consumption of unpasteurized goats' and dairy milk or unpasteurized sheep's milk cheese. The majority of cases involved goats' milk (36 patients, i.e. 56.3%) and sheep's milk cheese (21 patients, i.e. 32.8%). Dairy milk-borne infection was responsible for 7 TBE cases (10.9%). Of the 64 patients with food-borne TBE, 33 were men (51.6%) and 31 women (48.4%). Thirty-three cases (51.6%) occurred in family outbreaks following purchase of cheese or milk from animal breeders. Twenty-two cases (34.4%) occurred in individual patients and for 9 cases (14.0%) the data are unavailable. The highest age-specific morbidity, i.e. 1.94/100 000, was observed amongst the 5 - 9 years age-group, while in the adult age-groups the rates ranged between 0.17/100 00 (75+ years) and 0.89/100 00 (35 - 44 years). The comparison of TBE cases in child and adult age groups revealed that children in the food-borne TBE group had a 2.5 fold risk of TBE infection over adults. None of the TBE patients was vaccinated against TBE. CONCLUSION: In 1997 - 2008, a total of 7288 cases of TBE were reported. Sixty-four (0.9%) TBE cases were food-borne. In the majority of these cases, TBE virus was transmitted by unpasteurized goats' milk and caused family outbreaks. The deciding factor in these outbreaks was an attempt to provide healthy diet to offspring.
"За 10 лет было зафиксировано 64 (0,9 %) случая заражения через молоко из 7288 заболеваний клещевым энцефалитом. В большинстве этих случаев вирус передавался через непастеризованное козье молоко и вызывал семейные вспышки заболевания. Решающим фактором этих вспышек было желание предоставить здоровое питание потомству". В этой статье приводятся данные о частоте заражения через молоко по возрастам: 5-9 лет - 1.94 на 100 000 человек (населения) , 0,89 - 35-44 года и 0,17 - 35-44 года, т.е. у детей в 2,5 раза выше, чем у взрослых, видимо, поскольку дети чаще и больше пьют молоко, а может, потому, что у них иммунитет слабее.
Вот еще ссылка на австрийский случай в 2009 году: Tick-borne Encephalitis from Eating Goat Cheese in a Mountain Region of Austria
Heidemarie Holzmann, Stephan W. Aberle, Karin Stiasny, Philipp Werner, Andreas Mischak, Bernhard Zainer, Markus Netzer, Stefan Koppi, Elmar Bechter, and Franz X. Heinz
Tick-borne encephalitis virus (TBEV) is a human pathogenic flavivirus that is endemic to many European countries and to parts of central and eastern Asia (1). Even though vaccination can effectively prevent TBE (2), >10,000 cases are reported annually for hospitalized persons in areas of Europe and Asia to which TBE is endemic. TBEV occurs in natural foci characterized by ecologic habitats favorable for ticks, especially in wooded areas within the 7°C isotherm (3). The major route of virus transmission is tick bites, but TBEV also can be transmitted during consumption of nonpasteurized milk and milk products from infected animals, primarily goats (3). Outbreaks resulting from oral virus transmission are rare in central Europe but more common in eastern Europe and the Baltic states (3). Our investigation of TBEV transmitted by milk from a goat in an alpine pasture in a mountainous region provides evidence for a changing TBEV epidemiology in central Europe and the expansion of ticks and TBEV to higher regions.
Посмотрите. Здесь приводится цифра об общем количестве случаев заболевания клещевым энцефалитом в год в эндемичных районах Европы и Азии - более 100 000. Если принять во внимание чешскую цифру частоты алиментарного пути заражения - 0,9%, то получится, что в мире около 900 человек в год могут заразиться через молоко и сыр (коз, коров, овец)(цифра, конечно, неточная, т.к. зависит от местных привычек употреблять необработанное молоко).
О возможных выводах из планируемого на форуме опроса.
Если взять опять же чешскую цифру по средней частоте алиментарного заражения КЭ на общее количество населения в эндемичнойм районе - около 1 на 100000 человек, то из 1000-10000 козоводов форума и членов их семей проживает в эндемичных районах лишь часть (предположим, 1/5), т.е. 200-2000 человек, т.е. шанс заболеть через молоко имеет не более 0,002 одного человека. Получается, что нас слишком мало, чтобы сделать достоверный опрос.
Манда Ланда
Любовь
Ирина1971Алексин
Мне кажется, что не надо так эмоционально реагировать на те сюрпризы, которые нам предлагает природа. Ведь они являются сюрпризами только по причине наших ограниченных знаний о ней и ее законах. Отмахиваться от них и не принимать во внимание, закапывая голову в песок, как страус, тоже довольно неразумно. Я предпочитаю все обстоятельно проанализировать и оценить для себя риски и последствия, чтобы жить с открытыми глазами.